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This commit is contained in:
Bassem Girgis
2018-10-17 23:47:57 -05:00
parent 558e8e22da
commit c8a8949366
56 changed files with 4153 additions and 3900 deletions
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104
.clang-format Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
Language: Cpp
# BasedOnStyle: Google
AccessModifierOffset: -2
AlignAfterOpenBracket: Align
AlignConsecutiveAssignments: true
AlignConsecutiveDeclarations: false
AlignEscapedNewlines: Right
AlignOperands: true
AlignTrailingComments: true
AllowAllParametersOfDeclarationOnNextLine: true
AllowShortBlocksOnASingleLine: false
AllowShortCaseLabelsOnASingleLine: false
AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: Inline
AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: false
AllowShortLoopsOnASingleLine: true
AlwaysBreakAfterDefinitionReturnType: None
AlwaysBreakAfterReturnType: TopLevelDefinitions
AlwaysBreakBeforeMultilineStrings: true
AlwaysBreakTemplateDeclarations: true
BinPackArguments: false
BinPackParameters: false
BreakBeforeBraces : Custom
BraceWrapping:
AfterClass: false
AfterControlStatement: false
AfterEnum: false
AfterFunction: true
AfterNamespace: false
AfterObjCDeclaration: false
AfterStruct: false
AfterUnion: false
BeforeCatch: true
BeforeElse: true
IndentBraces: false
SplitEmptyFunction: true
SplitEmptyRecord: true
SplitEmptyNamespace: true
BreakBeforeBinaryOperators: None
BreakBeforeInheritanceComma: true
BreakBeforeTernaryOperators: true
BreakConstructorInitializers: BeforeColon
BreakAfterJavaFieldAnnotations: false
BreakStringLiterals: true
ColumnLimit: 80
CommentPragmas: '^ IWYU pragma:'
CompactNamespaces: false
ConstructorInitializerAllOnOneLineOrOnePerLine: true
ConstructorInitializerIndentWidth: 4
ContinuationIndentWidth: 4
Cpp11BracedListStyle: true
DerivePointerAlignment: false
DisableFormat: false
ExperimentalAutoDetectBinPacking: false
FixNamespaceComments: true
ForEachMacros:
- foreach
- Q_FOREACH
- BOOST_FOREACH
IncludeCategories:
- Regex: '^<.*\.h>'
Priority: 1
- Regex: '^<.*'
Priority: 2
- Regex: '.*'
Priority: 3
IncludeIsMainRegex: '([-_](test|unittest))?$'
IndentCaseLabels: false
IndentWidth: 2
IndentWrappedFunctionNames: false
JavaScriptQuotes: Leave
JavaScriptWrapImports: true
KeepEmptyLinesAtTheStartOfBlocks: false
MacroBlockBegin: ''
MacroBlockEnd: ''
MaxEmptyLinesToKeep: 1
NamespaceIndentation: None
ObjCBlockIndentWidth: 2
ObjCSpaceAfterProperty: false
ObjCSpaceBeforeProtocolList: false
PenaltyBreakAssignment: 2
PenaltyBreakBeforeFirstCallParameter: 1
PenaltyBreakComment: 300
PenaltyBreakFirstLessLess: 120
PenaltyBreakString: 1000
PenaltyExcessCharacter: 1000000
PenaltyReturnTypeOnItsOwnLine: 200
PointerAlignment: Left
ReflowComments: true
SortIncludes: true
SortUsingDeclarations: true
SpaceAfterCStyleCast: true
SpaceAfterTemplateKeyword: true
SpaceBeforeAssignmentOperators: true
SpaceBeforeParens: ControlStatements
SpaceInEmptyParentheses: false
SpacesBeforeTrailingComments: 2
SpacesInAngles: false
SpacesInContainerLiterals: false
SpacesInCStyleCastParentheses: false
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SpacesInSquareBrackets: false
Standard: Cpp11
TabWidth: 2
UseTab: Never

8
Makefile
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@@ -73,7 +73,13 @@ ch04/pipe_cpp.cpp
NAMES_CXX=$(SOURCES_CXX:.cpp=)
PROGRAMS_CXX=$(addprefix $(BIN)/, $(NAMES_CXX))
all: dirs ${PROGRAMS_C} ${PROGRAMS_CXX}
all: format dirs ${PROGRAMS_C} ${PROGRAMS_CXX}
format:
#clang-format -i $(SOURCE)/*.c*
#clang-format -i $(SOURCE)/*.h*
clang-format -i $(SOURCE)/*/*.c*
clang-format -i $(SOURCE)/*/*.h*
dirs:
mkdir -p $(BIN)

15
src/ch01/alarm.c
View File

@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@
*/
#include "errors.h"
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
int seconds;
char line[128];
@@ -15,18 +16,20 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
while (1) {
printf("Alarm> ");
if (fgets (line, sizeof (line), stdin) == NULL) exit (0);
if (strlen (line) <= 1) continue;
if (fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin) == NULL)
exit(0);
if (strlen(line) <= 1)
continue;
/*
* Parse input line into seconds (%d) and a message
* (%64[^\n]), consisting of up to 64 characters
* separated from the seconds by whitespace.
*/
if (sscanf (line, "%d %64[^\n]",
&seconds, message) < 2) {
if (sscanf(line, "%d %64[^\n]", &seconds, message) < 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Bad command\n");
} else {
}
else {
sleep(seconds);
printf("(%d) %s\n", seconds, message);
}

18
src/ch01/alarm_fork.c
View File

@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@
#include <wait.h>
#include "errors.h"
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
int status;
char line[128];
@@ -18,18 +19,20 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
while (1) {
printf("Alarm> ");
if (fgets (line, sizeof (line), stdin) == NULL) exit (0);
if (strlen (line) <= 1) continue;
if (fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin) == NULL)
exit(0);
if (strlen(line) <= 1)
continue;
/*
* Parse input line into seconds (%d) and a message
* (%64[^\n]), consisting of up to 64 characters
* separated from the seconds by whitespace.
*/
if (sscanf (line, "%d %64[^\n]",
&seconds, message) < 2) {
if (sscanf(line, "%d %64[^\n]", &seconds, message) < 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Bad command\n");
} else {
}
else {
pid = fork();
if (pid == (pid_t) -1)
errno_abort("Fork");
@@ -40,7 +43,8 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
sleep(seconds);
printf("(%d) %s\n", seconds, message);
exit(0);
} else {
}
else {
/*
* In the parent, call waitpid() to collect any children that
* have already terminated.

21
src/ch01/alarm_thread.c
View File

@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ typedef struct alarm_tag {
char message[64];
} alarm_t;
void *alarm_thread (void *arg)
void*
alarm_thread(void* arg)
{
alarm_t* alarm = (alarm_t*) arg;
int status;
@@ -25,7 +26,8 @@ void *alarm_thread (void *arg)
free(alarm);
return NULL;
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
int status;
char line[128];
@@ -34,8 +36,10 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
while (1) {
printf("Alarm> ");
if (fgets (line, sizeof (line), stdin) == NULL) exit (0);
if (strlen (line) <= 1) continue;
if (fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin) == NULL)
exit(0);
if (strlen(line) <= 1)
continue;
alarm = (alarm_t*) malloc(sizeof(alarm_t));
if (alarm == NULL)
errno_abort("Allocate alarm");
@@ -45,13 +49,12 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
* (%64[^\n]), consisting of up to 64 characters
* separated from the seconds by whitespace.
*/
if (sscanf (line, "%d %64[^\n]",
&alarm->seconds, alarm->message) < 2) {
if (sscanf(line, "%d %64[^\n]", &alarm->seconds, alarm->message) < 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Bad command\n");
free(alarm);
} else {
status = pthread_create (
&thread, NULL, alarm_thread, alarm);
}
else {
status = pthread_create(&thread, NULL, alarm_thread, alarm);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create alarm thread");
}

5
src/ch01/thread_error.c
View File

@@ -4,11 +4,12 @@
* Demonstrate detection of errors from a typical POSIX 1003.1c-1995
* function, pthread_join.
*/
#include <errno.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
pthread_t thread;
int status;

6
src/ch02/hello.c
View File

@@ -7,13 +7,15 @@
#include <pthread.h>
#include "errors.h"
void *hello_world (void *arg)
void*
hello_world(void* arg)
{
printf("Hello world\n");
return NULL;
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
pthread_t hello_id;
int status;

6
src/ch02/lifecycle.c
View File

@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@
/*
* Thread start routine.
*/
void *thread_routine (void *arg)
void*
thread_routine(void* arg)
{
printf("Inside thread %i\n", pthread_self());
return arg;
@@ -23,8 +24,7 @@ main (int argc, char *argv[])
int status;
printf("Inside thread %i\n", pthread_self());
status = pthread_create (
&thread_id, NULL, thread_routine, NULL);
status = pthread_create(&thread_id, NULL, thread_routine, NULL);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create thread");
sleep(1.0);

6
src/ch02/thread.c
View File

@@ -10,14 +10,16 @@
/*
* Thread start routine that writes a message.
*/
void *writer_thread (void *arg)
void*
writer_thread(void* arg)
{
sleep(5);
printf("Thread I/O\n");
return NULL;
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
pthread_t writer_id;
char *input, buffer[64];

40
src/ch03/alarm_cond.c
View File

@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@ time_t current_alarm = 0;
/*
* Insert alarm entry on list, in order.
*/
void alarm_insert (alarm_t *alarm)
void
alarm_insert(alarm_t* alarm)
{
int status;
alarm_t **last, *next;
@@ -70,8 +71,8 @@ void alarm_insert (alarm_t *alarm)
#ifdef DEBUG
printf("[list: ");
for (next = alarm_list; next != NULL; next = next->link)
printf ("%d(%d)[\"%s\"] ", next->time,
next->time - time (NULL), next->message);
printf(
"%d(%d)[\"%s\"] ", next->time, next->time - time(NULL), next->message);
printf("]\n");
#endif
/*
@@ -91,7 +92,8 @@ void alarm_insert (alarm_t *alarm)
/*
* The alarm thread's start routine.
*/
void *alarm_thread (void *arg)
void*
alarm_thread(void* arg)
{
alarm_t* alarm;
struct timespec cond_time;
@@ -125,15 +127,16 @@ void *alarm_thread (void *arg)
expired = 0;
if (alarm->time > now) {
#ifdef DEBUG
printf ("[waiting: %d(%d)\"%s\"]\n", alarm->time,
alarm->time - time (NULL), alarm->message);
printf("[waiting: %d(%d)\"%s\"]\n",
alarm->time,
alarm->time - time(NULL),
alarm->message);
#endif
cond_time.tv_sec = alarm->time;
cond_time.tv_nsec = 0;
current_alarm = alarm->time;
while (current_alarm == alarm->time) {
status = pthread_cond_timedwait (
&alarm_cond, &alarm_mutex, &cond_time);
status = pthread_cond_timedwait(&alarm_cond, &alarm_mutex, &cond_time);
if (status == ETIMEDOUT) {
expired = 1;
break;
@@ -143,7 +146,8 @@ void *alarm_thread (void *arg)
}
if (!expired)
alarm_insert(alarm);
} else
}
else
expired = 1;
if (expired) {
printf("(%d) %s\n", alarm->seconds, alarm->message);
@@ -152,21 +156,23 @@ void *alarm_thread (void *arg)
}
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
int status;
char line[128];
alarm_t* alarm;
pthread_t thread;
status = pthread_create (
&thread, NULL, alarm_thread, NULL);
status = pthread_create(&thread, NULL, alarm_thread, NULL);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create alarm thread");
while (1) {
printf("Alarm> ");
if (fgets (line, sizeof (line), stdin) == NULL) exit (0);
if (strlen (line) <= 1) continue;
if (fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin) == NULL)
exit(0);
if (strlen(line) <= 1)
continue;
alarm = (alarm_t*) malloc(sizeof(alarm_t));
if (alarm == NULL)
errno_abort("Allocate alarm");
@@ -176,11 +182,11 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
* (%64[^\n]), consisting of up to 64 characters
* separated from the seconds by whitespace.
*/
if (sscanf (line, "%d %64[^\n]",
&alarm->seconds, alarm->message) < 2) {
if (sscanf(line, "%d %64[^\n]", &alarm->seconds, alarm->message) < 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Bad command\n");
free(alarm);
} else {
}
else {
status = pthread_mutex_lock(&alarm_mutex);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Lock mutex");

31
src/ch03/alarm_mutex.c
View File

@@ -34,7 +34,8 @@ alarm_t *alarm_list = NULL;
/*
* The alarm thread's start routine.
*/
void *alarm_thread (void *arg)
void*
alarm_thread(void* arg)
{
alarm_t* alarm;
int sleep_time;
@@ -69,8 +70,8 @@ void *alarm_thread (void *arg)
else
sleep_time = alarm->time - now;
#ifdef DEBUG
printf ("[waiting: %d(%d)\"%s\"]\n", alarm->time,
sleep_time, alarm->message);
printf(
"[waiting: %d(%d)\"%s\"]\n", alarm->time, sleep_time, alarm->message);
#endif
}
@@ -101,21 +102,23 @@ void *alarm_thread (void *arg)
}
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
int status;
char line[128];
alarm_t *alarm, **last, *next;
pthread_t thread;
status = pthread_create (
&thread, NULL, alarm_thread, NULL);
status = pthread_create(&thread, NULL, alarm_thread, NULL);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create alarm thread");
while (1) {
printf("alarm> ");
if (fgets (line, sizeof (line), stdin) == NULL) exit (0);
if (strlen (line) <= 1) continue;
if (fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin) == NULL)
exit(0);
if (strlen(line) <= 1)
continue;
alarm = (alarm_t*) malloc(sizeof(alarm_t));
if (alarm == NULL)
errno_abort("Allocate alarm");
@@ -125,11 +128,11 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
* (%64[^\n]), consisting of up to 64 characters
* separated from the seconds by whitespace.
*/
if (sscanf (line, "%d %64[^\n]",
&alarm->seconds, alarm->message) < 2) {
if (sscanf(line, "%d %64[^\n]", &alarm->seconds, alarm->message) < 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Bad command\n");
free(alarm);
} else {
}
else {
status = pthread_mutex_lock(&alarm_mutex);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Lock mutex");
@@ -163,8 +166,10 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
#ifdef DEBUG
printf("[list: ");
for (next = alarm_list; next != NULL; next = next->link)
printf ("%d(%d)[\"%s\"] ", next->time,
next->time - time (NULL), next->message);
printf("%d(%d)[\"%s\"] ",
next->time,
next->time - time(NULL),
next->message);
printf("]\n");
#endif
status = pthread_mutex_unlock(&alarm_mutex);

39
src/ch03/alarm_mutex_cpp.cpp
View File

@@ -39,7 +39,9 @@ std::list<alarm_t> alarm_list;
/*
* The alarm thread's start routine.
*/
void *alarm_thread(void *arg) {
void*
alarm_thread(void* arg)
{
int sleep_time;
time_t now;
int status;
@@ -50,7 +52,8 @@ void *alarm_thread(void *arg) {
*/
while (1) {
status = pthread_mutex_lock(&alarm_mutex);
if (status != 0) err_abort(status, "Lock mutex");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Lock mutex");
now = time(NULL);
sleep_time = 0;
@@ -59,7 +62,8 @@ void *alarm_thread(void *arg) {
if (it->time <= now) {
printf("(%d) %s\n", it->seconds, it->message);
it = alarm_list.erase(it);
} else {
}
else {
sleep_time = MIN(it->time - now, sleep_time);
++it;
}
@@ -74,7 +78,8 @@ void *alarm_thread(void *arg) {
* if there's no input.
*/
status = pthread_mutex_unlock(&alarm_mutex);
if (status != 0) err_abort(status, "Unlock mutex");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Unlock mutex");
if (sleep_time > 0)
sleep(sleep_time);
else
@@ -82,17 +87,22 @@ void *alarm_thread(void *arg) {
}
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
int status;
char line[128];
pthread_t thread;
status = pthread_create(&thread, NULL, alarm_thread, NULL);
if (status != 0) err_abort(status, "Create alarm thread");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create alarm thread");
while (1) {
printf("alarm> ");
if (fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin) == NULL) exit(0);
if (strlen(line) <= 1) continue;
if (fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin) == NULL)
exit(0);
if (strlen(line) <= 1)
continue;
alarm_t alarm;
/*
@@ -102,11 +112,13 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
*/
if (sscanf(line, "%d %64[^\n]", &alarm.seconds, alarm.message) < 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Bad command\n");
} else {
}
else {
alarm.time = time(NULL) + alarm.seconds;
status = pthread_mutex_lock(&alarm_mutex);
if (status != 0) err_abort(status, "Lock mutex");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Lock mutex");
/*
* Insert the new alarm into the list of alarms.
@@ -116,12 +128,15 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
#ifdef DEBUG
printf("[list: ");
for (const auto& iAlarm : alarm_list)
printf("%d(%d)[\"%s\"] ", iAlarm.time, iAlarm.time - time(NULL),
printf("%d(%d)[\"%s\"] ",
iAlarm.time,
iAlarm.time - time(NULL),
iAlarm.message);
printf("]\n");
#endif
status = pthread_mutex_unlock(&alarm_mutex);
if (status != 0) err_abort(status, "Unlock mutex");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Unlock mutex");
}
}
}

47
src/ch03/backoff.c
View File

@@ -17,11 +17,9 @@
/*
* Initialize a static array of 3 mutexes.
*/
pthread_mutex_t mutex[3] = {
pthread_mutex_t mutex[3] = {PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER,
PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER,
PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER,
PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER
};
PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER};
int backoff = 1; /* Whether to backoff or deadlock */
int yield_flag = 0; /* 0: no yield, >0: yield, <0: sleep */
@@ -31,7 +29,8 @@ int yield_flag = 0; /* 0: no yield, >0: yield, <0: sleep */
* order, to ensure a conflict with lock_reverse, which does the
* opposite.
*/
void *lock_forward (void *arg)
void*
lock_forward(void* arg)
{
int i, iterate, backoffs;
int status;
@@ -43,22 +42,22 @@ void *lock_forward (void *arg)
status = pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex[i]);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "First lock");
} else {
}
else {
if (backoff)
status = pthread_mutex_trylock(&mutex[i]);
else
status = pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex[i]);
if (status == EBUSY) {
backoffs++;
DPRINTF ((
" [forward locker backing off at %d]\n",
i));
DPRINTF((" [forward locker backing off at %d]\n", i));
for (; i >= 0; i--) {
status = pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex[i]);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Backoff");
}
} else {
}
else {
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Lock mutex");
DPRINTF((" forward locker got %d\n", i));
@@ -78,8 +77,7 @@ void *lock_forward (void *arg)
/*
* Report that we got 'em, and unlock to try again.
*/
printf (
"lock forward got all locks, %d backoffs\n", backoffs);
printf("lock forward got all locks, %d backoffs\n", backoffs);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex[2]);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex[1]);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex[0]);
@@ -93,7 +91,8 @@ void *lock_forward (void *arg)
* reverse order, to ensure a conflict with lock_forward, which
* does the opposite.
*/
void *lock_backward (void *arg)
void*
lock_backward(void* arg)
{
int i, iterate, backoffs;
int status;
@@ -105,22 +104,22 @@ void *lock_backward (void *arg)
status = pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex[i]);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "First lock");
} else {
}
else {
if (backoff)
status = pthread_mutex_trylock(&mutex[i]);
else
status = pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex[i]);
if (status == EBUSY) {
backoffs++;
DPRINTF ((
" [backward locker backing off at %d]\n",
i));
DPRINTF((" [backward locker backing off at %d]\n", i));
for (; i < 3; i++) {
status = pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex[i]);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Backoff");
}
} else {
}
else {
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Lock mutex");
DPRINTF((" backward locker got %d\n", i));
@@ -140,8 +139,7 @@ void *lock_backward (void *arg)
/*
* Report that we got 'em, and unlock to try again.
*/
printf (
"lock backward got all locks, %d backoffs\n", backoffs);
printf("lock backward got all locks, %d backoffs\n", backoffs);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex[0]);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex[1]);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex[2]);
@@ -150,7 +148,8 @@ void *lock_backward (void *arg)
return NULL;
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
pthread_t forward, backward;
int status;
@@ -187,12 +186,10 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
*/
if (argc > 2)
yield_flag = atoi(argv[2]);
status = pthread_create (
&forward, NULL, lock_forward, NULL);
status = pthread_create(&forward, NULL, lock_forward, NULL);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create forward");
status = pthread_create (
&backward, NULL, lock_backward, NULL);
status = pthread_create(&backward, NULL, lock_backward, NULL);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create backward");
pthread_exit(NULL);

9
src/ch03/cond.c
View File

@@ -13,8 +13,7 @@ typedef struct my_struct_tag {
int value; /* Access protected by mutex */
} my_struct_t;
my_struct_t data = {
PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER, 0};
my_struct_t data = {PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER, 0};
int hibernation = 1; /* Default to 1 second */
@@ -41,7 +40,8 @@ wait_thread (void *arg)
return NULL;
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
int status;
pthread_t wait_thread_id;
@@ -76,8 +76,7 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
err_abort(status, "Lock mutex");
while (data.value == 0) {
status = pthread_cond_timedwait (
&data.cond, &data.mutex, &timeout);
status = pthread_cond_timedwait(&data.cond, &data.mutex, &timeout);
if (status == ETIMEDOUT) {
printf("Condition wait timed out.\n");
break;

3
src/ch03/cond_dynamic.c
View File

@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@ typedef struct my_struct_tag {
int value; /* Access protected by mutex */
} my_struct_t;
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
my_struct_t* data;
int status;

6
src/ch03/cond_static.c
View File

@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ typedef struct my_struct_tag {
int value; /* Access protected by mutex */
} my_struct_t;
my_struct_t data = {
PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER, 0};
my_struct_t data = {PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER, 0};
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
return 0;
}

3
src/ch03/mutex_dynamic.c
View File

@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ typedef struct my_struct_tag {
int value; /* Access protected by mutex */
} my_struct_t;
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
my_struct_t* data;
int status;

3
src/ch03/mutex_static.c
View File

@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ typedef struct my_struct_tag {
my_struct_t data = {PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, 0};
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
return 0;
}

39
src/ch03/trylock.c
View File

@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@ time_t end_time;
* Thread start routine that repeatedly locks a mutex and
* increments a counter.
*/
void *counter_thread(void *arg) {
void*
counter_thread(void* arg)
{
int status;
int spin;
@@ -36,11 +38,13 @@ void *counter_thread(void *arg) {
*/
while (time(NULL) < end_time) {
status = pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
if (status != 0) err_abort(status, "Lock mutex");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Lock mutex");
for (spin = 0; spin < SPIN; spin++) counter++;
sleep(4);
status = pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
if (status != 0) err_abort(status, "Unlock mutex");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Unlock mutex");
sleep(1);
}
printf("Counter is %#lx\n", counter);
@@ -52,7 +56,9 @@ void *counter_thread(void *arg) {
* seconds, try to lock the mutex and read the counter. If the
* trylock fails, skip this cycle.
*/
void *monitor_thread(void *arg) {
void*
monitor_thread(void* arg)
{
int status;
int misses = 0;
@@ -64,18 +70,23 @@ void *monitor_thread(void *arg) {
sleep(3);
status = pthread_mutex_trylock(&mutex);
if (status != EBUSY) {
if (status != 0) err_abort(status, "Trylock mutex");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Trylock mutex");
printf("Counter is %ld\n", counter / SPIN);
status = pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
if (status != 0) err_abort(status, "Unlock mutex");
} else
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Unlock mutex");
}
else
misses++; /* Count "misses" on the lock */
}
printf("Monitor thread missed update %d times.\n", misses);
return NULL;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
int status;
pthread_t counter_thread_id;
pthread_t monitor_thread_id;
@@ -92,12 +103,16 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
end_time = time(NULL) + 60; /* Run for 1 minute */
status = pthread_create(&counter_thread_id, NULL, counter_thread, NULL);
if (status != 0) err_abort(status, "Create counter thread");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create counter thread");
status = pthread_create(&monitor_thread_id, NULL, monitor_thread, NULL);
if (status != 0) err_abort(status, "Create monitor thread");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create monitor thread");
status = pthread_join(counter_thread_id, NULL);
if (status != 0) err_abort(status, "Join counter thread");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Join counter thread");
status = pthread_join(monitor_thread_id, NULL);
if (status != 0) err_abort(status, "Join monitor thread");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Join monitor thread");
return 0;
}

127
src/ch04/crew.c
View File

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@
* by calling thr_setconcurrency(), because threads are not
* timesliced.
*/
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include "errors.h"
#define CREW_SIZE 4
@@ -58,7 +58,8 @@ size_t name_max; /* Name length */
* The thread start routine for crew threads. Waits until "go"
* command, processes work items until requested to shut down.
*/
void *worker_routine (void *arg)
void*
worker_routine(void* arg)
{
worker_p mine = (worker_t*) arg;
crew_p crew = mine->crew;
@@ -73,8 +74,7 @@ void *worker_routine (void *arg)
* buffer. Thus, allocate a "big chunk" of memory, and use
* it as a buffer.
*/
entry = (struct dirent*)malloc (
sizeof (struct dirent) + name_max);
entry = (struct dirent*) malloc(sizeof(struct dirent) + name_max);
if (entry == NULL)
errno_abort("Allocating dirent");
@@ -113,7 +113,9 @@ void *worker_routine (void *arg)
err_abort(status, "Lock crew mutex");
DPRINTF(("Crew %d top: first is %#lx, count is %d\n",
mine->index, crew->first, crew->work_count));
mine->index,
crew->first,
crew->work_count));
while (crew->first == NULL) {
status = pthread_cond_wait(&crew->go, &crew->mutex);
if (status != 0)
@@ -121,7 +123,9 @@ void *worker_routine (void *arg)
}
DPRINTF(("Crew %d woke: %#lx, %d\n",
mine->index, crew->first, crew->work_count));
mine->index,
crew->first,
crew->work_count));
/*
* Remove and process a work item
@@ -132,7 +136,10 @@ void *worker_routine (void *arg)
crew->last = NULL;
DPRINTF(("Crew %d took %#lx, leaves first %#lx, last %#lx\n",
mine->index, work, crew->first, crew->last));
mine->index,
work,
crew->first,
crew->last));
status = pthread_mutex_unlock(&crew->mutex);
if (status != 0)
@@ -145,10 +152,7 @@ void *worker_routine (void *arg)
status = lstat(work->path, &filestat);
if (S_ISLNK(filestat.st_mode))
printf (
"Thread %d: %s is a link, skipping.\n",
mine->index,
work->path);
printf("Thread %d: %s is a link, skipping.\n", mine->index, work->path);
else if (S_ISDIR(filestat.st_mode)) {
DIR* directory;
struct dirent* result;
@@ -159,21 +163,22 @@ void *worker_routine (void *arg)
*/
directory = opendir(work->path);
if (directory == NULL) {
fprintf (
stderr, "Unable to open directory %s: %d (%s)\n",
fprintf(stderr,
"Unable to open directory %s: %d (%s)\n",
work->path,
errno, strerror (errno));
errno,
strerror(errno));
continue;
}
while (1) {
status = readdir_r(directory, entry, &result);
if (status != 0) {
fprintf (
stderr,
fprintf(stderr,
"Unable to read directory %s: %d (%s)\n",
work->path,
status, strerror (status));
status,
strerror(status));
break;
}
if (result == NULL)
@@ -203,15 +208,18 @@ void *worker_routine (void *arg)
if (crew->first == NULL) {
crew->first = new_work;
crew->last = new_work;
} else {
}
else {
crew->last->next = new_work;
crew->last = new_work;
}
crew->work_count++;
DPRINTF ((
"Crew %d: add work %#lx, first %#lx, last %#lx, %d\n",
mine->index, new_work, crew->first,
crew->last, crew->work_count));
DPRINTF(("Crew %d: add work %#lx, first %#lx, last %#lx, %d\n",
mine->index,
new_work,
crew->first,
crew->last,
crew->work_count));
status = pthread_cond_signal(&crew->go);
status = pthread_mutex_unlock(&crew->mutex);
if (status != 0)
@@ -219,7 +227,8 @@ void *worker_routine (void *arg)
}
closedir(directory);
} else if (S_ISREG (filestat.st_mode)) {
}
else if (S_ISREG(filestat.st_mode)) {
FILE* search;
char buffer[256], *bufptr, *search_ptr;
@@ -229,33 +238,33 @@ void *worker_routine (void *arg)
*/
search = fopen(work->path, "r");
if (search == NULL)
fprintf (
stderr, "Unable to open %s: %d (%s)\n",
fprintf(stderr,
"Unable to open %s: %d (%s)\n",
work->path,
errno, strerror (errno));
errno,
strerror(errno));
else {
while (1) {
bufptr = fgets (
buffer, sizeof (buffer), search);
bufptr = fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), search);
if (bufptr == NULL) {
if (feof(search))
break;
if (ferror(search)) {
fprintf (
stderr,
fprintf(stderr,
"Unable to read %s: %d (%s)\n",
work->path,
errno, strerror (errno));
errno,
strerror(errno));
break;
}
}
search_ptr = strstr(buffer, work->string);
if (search_ptr != NULL) {
flockfile(stdout);
printf (
"Thread %d found \"%s\" in %s\n",
mine->index, work->string, work->path);
printf("Thread %d found \"%s\" in %s\n",
mine->index,
work->string,
work->path);
#if 0
printf ("%s\n", buffer);
#endif
@@ -265,16 +274,19 @@ void *worker_routine (void *arg)
}
fclose(search);
}
} else
fprintf (
stderr,
}
else
fprintf(stderr,
"Thread %d: %s is type %o (%s))\n",
mine->index,
work->path,
filestat.st_mode & S_IFMT,
(S_ISFIFO (filestat.st_mode) ? "FIFO"
: (S_ISCHR (filestat.st_mode) ? "CHR"
: (S_ISBLK (filestat.st_mode) ? "BLK"
(S_ISFIFO(filestat.st_mode)
? "FIFO"
: (S_ISCHR(filestat.st_mode)
? "CHR"
: (S_ISBLK(filestat.st_mode)
? "BLK"
: (S_ISSOCK(filestat.st_mode) ? "SOCK"
: "unknown")))));
@@ -295,8 +307,8 @@ void *worker_routine (void *arg)
err_abort(status, "Lock crew mutex");
crew->work_count--;
DPRINTF (("Crew %d decremented work to %d\n", mine->index,
crew->work_count));
DPRINTF(
("Crew %d decremented work to %d\n", mine->index, crew->work_count));
if (crew->work_count <= 0) {
DPRINTF(("Crew thread %d done\n", mine->index));
status = pthread_cond_broadcast(&crew->done);
@@ -311,7 +323,6 @@ void *worker_routine (void *arg)
status = pthread_mutex_unlock(&crew->mutex);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Unlock mutex");
}
free(entry);
@@ -321,7 +332,8 @@ void *worker_routine (void *arg)
/*
* Create a work crew.
*/
int crew_create (crew_t *crew, int crew_size)
int
crew_create(crew_t* crew, int crew_size)
{
int crew_index;
int status;
@@ -357,7 +369,9 @@ int crew_create (crew_t *crew, int crew_size)
crew->crew[crew_index].index = crew_index;
crew->crew[crew_index].crew = crew;
status = pthread_create(&crew->crew[crew_index].thread,
NULL, worker_routine, (void*)&crew->crew[crew_index]);
NULL,
worker_routine,
(void*) &crew->crew[crew_index]);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create worker");
}
@@ -368,10 +382,8 @@ int crew_create (crew_t *crew, int crew_size)
* Pass a file path to a work crew previously created
* using crew_create
*/
int crew_start (
crew_p crew,
char *filepath,
char *search)
int
crew_start(crew_p crew, char* filepath, char* search)
{
work_p request;
int status;
@@ -407,9 +419,10 @@ int crew_start (
else
errno_abort("Unable to get NAME_MAX");
}
DPRINTF ((
"PATH_MAX for %s is %ld, NAME_MAX is %ld\n",
filepath, path_max, name_max));
DPRINTF(("PATH_MAX for %s is %ld, NAME_MAX is %ld\n",
filepath,
path_max,
name_max));
path_max++; /* Add null byte */
name_max++; /* Add null byte */
request = (work_p) malloc(sizeof(work_t));
@@ -425,7 +438,8 @@ int crew_start (
if (crew->first == NULL) {
crew->first = request;
crew->last = request;
} else {
}
else {
crew->last->next = request;
crew->last = request;
}
@@ -453,7 +467,8 @@ int crew_start (
/*
* The main program to "drive" the crew...
*/
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
crew_t my_crew;
char line[128], *next;

37
src/ch04/pipe.c
View File

@@ -42,7 +42,8 @@ typedef struct pipe_tag {
* specified pipe stage. Threads use this to pass
* along the modified data item.
*/
int pipe_send (stage_t *stage, long data)
int
pipe_send(stage_t* stage, long data)
{
int status;
@@ -81,7 +82,8 @@ int pipe_send (stage_t *stage, long data)
* caller or the previous stage, modify the data
* and pass it along to the next (or final) stage.
*/
void *pipe_stage (void *arg)
void*
pipe_stage(void* arg)
{
stage_t* stage = (stage_t*) arg;
stage_t* next_stage = stage->next;
@@ -116,7 +118,8 @@ void *pipe_stage (void *arg)
* data is initialized and the threads created. They'll
* wait for data.
*/
int pipe_create (pipe_t *pipe, int stages)
int
pipe_create(pipe_t* pipe, int stages)
{
int pipe_index;
stage_t **link = &pipe->head, *new_stage, *stage;
@@ -162,11 +165,8 @@ int pipe_create (pipe_t *pipe, int stages)
* memory cleanup done for earlier errors, it will simply
* abort.
*/
for ( stage = pipe->head;
stage->next != NULL;
stage = stage->next) {
status = pthread_create (
&stage->thread, NULL, pipe_stage, (void*)stage);
for (stage = pipe->head; stage->next != NULL; stage = stage->next) {
status = pthread_create(&stage->thread, NULL, pipe_stage, (void*) stage);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create pipe stage");
}
@@ -181,7 +181,8 @@ int pipe_create (pipe_t *pipe, int stages)
* (note that the pipe will stall when each stage fills,
* until the result is collected).
*/
int pipe_start (pipe_t *pipe, long value)
int
pipe_start(pipe_t* pipe, long value)
{
int status;
@@ -200,7 +201,8 @@ int pipe_start (pipe_t *pipe, long value)
* Collect the result of the pipeline. Wait for a
* result if the pipeline hasn't produced one.
*/
int pipe_result (pipe_t *pipe, long *result)
int
pipe_result(pipe_t* pipe, long* result)
{
stage_t* tail = pipe->tail;
long value;
@@ -222,8 +224,7 @@ int pipe_result (pipe_t *pipe, long *result)
return 0;
pthread_mutex_lock(&tail->mutex);
while (!tail->data_ready)
pthread_cond_wait (&tail->avail, &tail->mutex);
while (!tail->data_ready) pthread_cond_wait(&tail->avail, &tail->mutex);
*result = tail->data;
tail->data_ready = 0;
pthread_cond_signal(&tail->ready);
@@ -234,7 +235,8 @@ int pipe_result (pipe_t *pipe, long *result)
/*
* The main program to "drive" the pipeline...
*/
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
pipe_t my_pipe;
long value, result;
@@ -246,14 +248,17 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
while (1) {
printf("Data> ");
if (fgets (line, sizeof (line), stdin) == NULL) exit (0);
if (strlen (line) <= 1) continue;
if (fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin) == NULL)
exit(0);
if (strlen(line) <= 1)
continue;
if (strlen(line) <= 2 && line[0] == '=') {
if (pipe_result(&my_pipe, &result))
printf("Result is %ld\n", result);
else
printf("Pipe is empty\n");
} else {
}
else {
if (sscanf(line, "%ld", &value) < 1)
fprintf(stderr, "Enter an integer value\n");
else

81
src/ch04/pipe_cpp.cpp
View File

@@ -50,11 +50,14 @@ using pipe_t = pipe_tag;
* specified pipe stage. Threads use this to pass
* along the modified data item.
*/
int pipe_send(stage_t &stage, long data) {
int
pipe_send(stage_t& stage, long data)
{
int status;
status = pthread_mutex_lock(&stage.mutex);
if (status != 0) return status;
if (status != 0)
return status;
/*
* If there's data in the pipe stage, wait for it
@@ -90,18 +93,22 @@ int pipe_send(stage_t &stage, long data) {
* caller or the previous stage, modify the data
* and pass it along to the next (or final) stage.
*/
void *pipe_stage(void *arg) {
void*
pipe_stage(void* arg)
{
stage_t& stage = *(stage_t*) arg;
stage_t& nextStage = *stage.next;
int status;
status = pthread_mutex_lock(&stage.mutex);
if (status != 0) err_abort(status, "Lock pipe stage");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Lock pipe stage");
while (1) {
while (!stage.isDataAvail) {
status = pthread_cond_wait(&stage.dataIsAvail, &stage.mutex);
if (status != 0) err_abort(status, "Wait for previous stage");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Wait for previous stage");
}
pipe_send(nextStage, stage.data + 1);
@@ -109,7 +116,8 @@ void *pipe_stage(void *arg) {
stage.isDataAvail = false;
status = pthread_cond_signal(&stage.threadIsIdle);
if (status != 0) err_abort(status, "Wake next stage");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Wake next stage");
}
/*
@@ -126,20 +134,26 @@ void *pipe_stage(void *arg) {
* data is initialized and the threads created. They'll
* wait for data.
*/
int pipe_create(pipe_t &pipe, size_t nStages) {
int
pipe_create(pipe_t& pipe, size_t nStages)
{
int status = pthread_mutex_init(&pipe.mutex, NULL);
if (status != 0) err_abort(status, "Init pipe mutex");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Init pipe mutex");
pipe.stageList.resize(nStages);
pipe.nActive = 0;
for (auto& iStage : pipe.stageList) {
status = pthread_mutex_init(&iStage.mutex, NULL);
if (status != 0) err_abort(status, "Init stage mutex");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Init stage mutex");
status = pthread_cond_init(&iStage.dataIsAvail, NULL);
if (status != 0) err_abort(status, "Init dataIsAvail condition");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Init dataIsAvail condition");
status = pthread_cond_init(&iStage.threadIsIdle, NULL);
if (status != 0) err_abort(status, "Init threadIsIdle condition");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Init threadIsIdle condition");
iStage.isDataAvail = false;
}
@@ -162,7 +176,8 @@ int pipe_create(pipe_t &pipe, size_t nStages) {
iit->next = &(*it);
status = pthread_create(&iit->thread, NULL, pipe_stage, (void*) &*iit);
if (status != 0) err_abort(status, "Create pipe stage");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create pipe stage");
}
return 0;
}
@@ -171,11 +186,14 @@ int pipe_create(pipe_t &pipe, size_t nStages) {
* Collect the result of the pipeline. Wait for a
* result if the pipeline hasn't produced one.
*/
int pipe_result(pipe_t &pipe) {
int
pipe_result(pipe_t& pipe)
{
int status;
status = pthread_mutex_lock(&pipe.mutex);
if (status != 0) err_abort(status, "Lock pipe mutex");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Lock pipe mutex");
bool isEmpty = false;
if (pipe.nActive <= 0)
@@ -184,7 +202,8 @@ int pipe_result(pipe_t &pipe) {
pipe.nActive--;
status = pthread_mutex_unlock(&pipe.mutex);
if (status != 0) err_abort(status, "Unlock pipe mutex");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Unlock pipe mutex");
if (isEmpty) {
printf("Pipe is empty\n");
@@ -194,7 +213,8 @@ int pipe_result(pipe_t &pipe) {
auto& tail = pipe.stageList.back();
status = pthread_mutex_lock(&tail.mutex);
if (status != 0) err_abort(status, "Lock pipe tail mutex");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Lock pipe tail mutex");
while (!tail.isDataAvail) {
pthread_cond_wait(&tail.dataIsAvail, &tail.mutex);
@@ -204,10 +224,12 @@ int pipe_result(pipe_t &pipe) {
tail.isDataAvail = false;
status = pthread_cond_signal(&tail.threadIsIdle);
if (status != 0) err_abort(status, "Signal pipe tail threadIsIdle");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Signal pipe tail threadIsIdle");
status = pthread_mutex_unlock(&tail.mutex);
if (status != 0) err_abort(status, "Unlock pipe tail mutex");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Unlock pipe tail mutex");
printf("Result is %ld\n", result);
@@ -222,9 +244,12 @@ int pipe_result(pipe_t &pipe) {
* (note that the pipe will stall when each stage fills,
* until the result is collected).
*/
void pipe_start(pipe_t &pipe, long value) {
void
pipe_start(pipe_t& pipe, long value)
{
int status = pthread_mutex_lock(&pipe.mutex);
if (status != 0) err_abort(status, "Lock pipe mutex");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Lock pipe mutex");
if (pipe.nActive > pipe.stageList.size() - 1) {
status = pthread_mutex_unlock(&pipe.mutex);
@@ -235,7 +260,8 @@ void pipe_start(pipe_t &pipe, long value) {
pipe.nActive++;
status = pthread_mutex_unlock(&pipe.mutex);
if (status != 0) err_abort(status, "Unlock pipe mutex");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Unlock pipe mutex");
pipe_send(pipe.stageList.front(), value);
}
@@ -243,7 +269,9 @@ void pipe_start(pipe_t &pipe, long value) {
/*
* The main program to "drive" the pipeline...
*/
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
pipe_t my_pipe;
pipe_create(my_pipe, 2);
@@ -252,12 +280,15 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
char line[128];
while (1) {
printf("Data> ");
if (fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin) == NULL) exit(0);
if (fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin) == NULL)
exit(0);
printf(line);
if (strlen(line) <= 1) continue;
if (strlen(line) <= 1)
continue;
if (strlen(line) <= 2 && line[0] == '=') {
pipe_result(my_pipe);
} else {
}
else {
long value;
if (sscanf(line, "%ld", &value) < 1)
fprintf(stderr, "Enter an integer value\n");

46
src/ch04/server.c
View File

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
* to allow interleaved thread execution, since threads are not
* timesliced.
*/
#include <pthread.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include "errors.h"
#define CLIENT_THREADS 4 /* Number of clients */
@@ -42,8 +42,7 @@ typedef struct tty_server_tag {
} tty_server_t;
tty_server_t tty_server = {
NULL, NULL, 0,
PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER};
NULL, NULL, 0, PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER};
/*
* Main program data
@@ -62,7 +61,8 @@ pthread_cond_t clients_done = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;
* responsible for freeing the request. If the request was not
* synchronous, the server will free the request on completion.
*/
void *tty_server_routine (void *arg)
void*
tty_server_routine(void* arg)
{
static pthread_mutex_t prompt_mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
request_t* request;
@@ -78,8 +78,7 @@ void *tty_server_routine (void *arg)
* Wait for data
*/
while (tty_server.first == NULL) {
status = pthread_cond_wait (
&tty_server.request, &tty_server.mutex);
status = pthread_cond_wait(&tty_server.request, &tty_server.mutex);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Wait for request");
}
@@ -130,7 +129,8 @@ void *tty_server_routine (void *arg)
status = pthread_mutex_unlock(&tty_server.mutex);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Unlock server mutex");
} else
}
else
free(request);
if (operation == REQ_QUIT)
break;
@@ -141,11 +141,8 @@ void *tty_server_routine (void *arg)
/*
* Request an operation
*/
void tty_server_request (
int operation,
int sync,
const char *prompt,
char *string)
void
tty_server_request(int operation, int sync, const char* prompt, char* string)
{
request_t* request;
int status;
@@ -160,13 +157,12 @@ void tty_server_request (
status = pthread_attr_init(&detached_attr);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Init attributes object");
status = pthread_attr_setdetachstate (
&detached_attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
status =
pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&detached_attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Set detach state");
tty_server.running = 1;
status = pthread_create (&thread, &detached_attr,
tty_server_routine, NULL);
status = pthread_create(&thread, &detached_attr, tty_server_routine, NULL);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create server");
@@ -210,7 +206,8 @@ void tty_server_request (
if (tty_server.first == NULL) {
tty_server.first = request;
tty_server.last = request;
} else {
}
else {
(tty_server.last)->next = request;
tty_server.last = request;
}
@@ -227,8 +224,7 @@ void tty_server_request (
*/
if (sync) {
while (!request->done_flag) {
status = pthread_cond_wait (
&request->done, &tty_server.mutex);
status = pthread_cond_wait(&request->done, &tty_server.mutex);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Wait for sync request");
}
@@ -251,7 +247,8 @@ void tty_server_request (
/*
* Client routine -- multiple copies will request server.
*/
void *client_routine (void *arg)
void*
client_routine(void* arg)
{
int my_number = (int) arg, loops;
char prompt[32];
@@ -264,8 +261,7 @@ void *client_routine (void *arg)
if (strlen(string) == 0)
break;
for (loops = 0; loops < 4; loops++) {
sprintf (
formatted, "(%d#%d) %s", my_number, loops, string);
sprintf(formatted, "(%d#%d) %s", my_number, loops, string);
tty_server_request(REQ_WRITE, 0, NULL, formatted);
sleep(1);
}
@@ -285,7 +281,8 @@ void *client_routine (void *arg)
return NULL;
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
pthread_t thread;
int count;
@@ -306,8 +303,7 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
*/
client_threads = CLIENT_THREADS;
for (count = 0; count < client_threads; count++) {
status = pthread_create (&thread, NULL,
client_routine, (void*)count);
status = pthread_create(&thread, NULL, client_routine, (void*) count);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create client thread");
}

9
src/ch05/cancel.c
View File

@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ static int counter;
* when it calls pthread_testcancel, which it does each 1000
* iterations.
*/
void *thread_routine (void *arg)
void*
thread_routine(void* arg)
{
DPRINTF(("thread_routine starting\n"));
for (counter = 0;; counter++)
@@ -28,7 +29,8 @@ void *thread_routine (void *arg)
}
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
pthread_t thread_id;
void* result;
@@ -43,8 +45,7 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
DPRINTF(("Setting concurrency level to 2\n"));
thr_setconcurrency(2);
#endif
status = pthread_create (
&thread_id, NULL, thread_routine, NULL);
status = pthread_create(&thread_id, NULL, thread_routine, NULL);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create thread");
sleep(2);

24
src/ch05/cancel_async.c
View File

@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ static int matrixb[SIZE][SIZE];
static int matrixc[SIZE][SIZE];
#ifdef DEBUG
void print_array (int matrix[SIZE][SIZE])
void
print_array(int matrix[SIZE][SIZE])
{
int i, j;
int first;
@@ -34,7 +35,6 @@ void print_array (int matrix[SIZE][SIZE])
}
printf("]\n");
}
}
#endif
@@ -44,7 +44,8 @@ void print_array (int matrix[SIZE][SIZE])
* is enabled. The loop multiplies the two matrices matrixa
* and matrixb.
*/
void *thread_routine (void *arg)
void*
thread_routine(void* arg)
{
int cancel_type, status;
int i, j, k, value = 1;
@@ -62,9 +63,7 @@ void *thread_routine (void *arg)
/*
* Compute the matrix product of matrixa and matrixb.
*/
status = pthread_setcanceltype (
PTHREAD_CANCEL_ASYNCHRONOUS,
&cancel_type);
status = pthread_setcanceltype(PTHREAD_CANCEL_ASYNCHRONOUS, &cancel_type);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Set cancel type");
for (i = 0; i < SIZE; i++)
@@ -73,9 +72,7 @@ void *thread_routine (void *arg)
for (k = 0; k < SIZE; k++)
matrixc[i][j] += matrixa[i][k] * matrixb[k][j];
}
status = pthread_setcanceltype (
cancel_type,
&cancel_type);
status = pthread_setcanceltype(cancel_type, &cancel_type);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Set cancel type");
@@ -83,12 +80,12 @@ void *thread_routine (void *arg)
* Copy the result (matrixc) into matrixa to start again
*/
for (i = 0; i < SIZE; i++)
for (j = 0; j < SIZE; j++)
matrixa[i][j] = matrixc[i][j];
for (j = 0; j < SIZE; j++) matrixa[i][j] = matrixc[i][j];
}
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
pthread_t thread_id;
void* result;
@@ -103,8 +100,7 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
DPRINTF(("Setting concurrency level to 2\n"));
thr_setconcurrency(2);
#endif
status = pthread_create (
&thread_id, NULL, thread_routine, NULL);
status = pthread_create(&thread_id, NULL, thread_routine, NULL);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create thread");
sleep(1);

15
src/ch05/cancel_cleanup.c
View File

@@ -19,15 +19,15 @@ typedef struct control_tag {
pthread_cond_t cv;
} control_t;
control_t control =
{0, 1, PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER};
control_t control = {0, 1, PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER};
/*
* This routine is installed as the cancellation cleanup
* handler around the cancellable condition wait. It will
* be called by the system when the thread is cancelled.
*/
void cleanup_handler (void *arg)
void
cleanup_handler(void* arg)
{
control_t* st = (control_t*) arg;
int status;
@@ -46,7 +46,8 @@ void cleanup_handler (void *arg)
* nonzero value to pthread_cleanup_pop to run the same
* "finalization" action when cancellation does not occur.
*/
void *thread_routine (void *arg)
void*
thread_routine(void* arg)
{
int status;
@@ -67,7 +68,8 @@ void *thread_routine (void *arg)
return NULL;
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
pthread_t thread_id[THREADS];
int count;
@@ -75,8 +77,7 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int status;
for (count = 0; count < THREADS; count++) {
status = pthread_create (
&thread_id[count], NULL, thread_routine, NULL);
status = pthread_create(&thread_id[count], NULL, thread_routine, NULL);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create thread");
}

20
src/ch05/cancel_disable.c
View File

@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ static int counter;
/*
* Thread start routine.
*/
void *thread_routine (void *arg)
void*
thread_routine(void* arg)
{
int state;
int status;
for (counter = 0;; counter++) {
/*
* Each 755 iterations, disable cancellation and sleep
* for one second.
@@ -27,29 +27,27 @@ void *thread_routine (void *arg)
* calling pthread_testcancel().
*/
if ((counter % 755) == 0) {
status = pthread_setcancelstate (
PTHREAD_CANCEL_DISABLE, &state);
status = pthread_setcancelstate(PTHREAD_CANCEL_DISABLE, &state);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Disable cancel");
sleep(1);
status = pthread_setcancelstate (
state, &state);
status = pthread_setcancelstate(state, &state);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Restore cancel");
} else
if ((counter % 1000) == 0)
}
else if ((counter % 1000) == 0)
pthread_testcancel();
}
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
pthread_t thread_id;
void* result;
int status;
status = pthread_create (
&thread_id, NULL, thread_routine, NULL);
status = pthread_create(&thread_id, NULL, thread_routine, NULL);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create thread");
sleep(2);

15
src/ch05/cancel_subcontract.c
View File

@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@ typedef struct team_tag {
* Start routine for worker threads. They loop waiting for a
* cancellation request.
*/
void *worker_routine (void *arg)
void*
worker_routine(void* arg)
{
int counter;
@@ -39,7 +40,8 @@ void *worker_routine (void *arg)
* Cancellation cleanup handler for the contractor thread. It
* will cancel and detach each worker in the team.
*/
void cleanup (void *arg)
void
cleanup(void* arg)
{
team_t* team = (team_t*) arg;
int count, status;
@@ -61,7 +63,8 @@ void cleanup (void *arg)
* worker threads, and then joins with them. When cancelled, the
* cleanup handler will cancel and detach the remaining threads.
*/
void *thread_routine (void *arg)
void*
thread_routine(void* arg)
{
team_t team; /* team info */
int count;
@@ -69,8 +72,7 @@ void *thread_routine (void *arg)
int status;
for (count = 0; count < THREADS; count++) {
status = pthread_create (
&team.workers[count], NULL, worker_routine, NULL);
status = pthread_create(&team.workers[count], NULL, worker_routine, NULL);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create worker");
}
@@ -86,7 +88,8 @@ void *thread_routine (void *arg)
return NULL;
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
pthread_t thread_id;
int status;

6
src/ch05/cond_attr.c
View File

@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@
pthread_cond_t cond;
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
pthread_condattr_t cond_attr;
int status;
@@ -22,8 +23,7 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create attr");
#ifdef _POSIX_THREAD_PROCESS_SHARED
status = pthread_condattr_setpshared (
&cond_attr, PTHREAD_PROCESS_PRIVATE);
status = pthread_condattr_setpshared(&cond_attr, PTHREAD_PROCESS_PRIVATE);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Set pshared");
#endif

6
src/ch05/mutex_attr.c
View File

@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@
pthread_mutex_t mutex;
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
pthread_mutexattr_t mutex_attr;
int status;
@@ -23,8 +24,7 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create attr");
#ifdef _POSIX_THREAD_PROCESS_SHARED
status = pthread_mutexattr_setpshared (
&mutex_attr, PTHREAD_PROCESS_PRIVATE);
status = pthread_mutexattr_setpshared(&mutex_attr, PTHREAD_PROCESS_PRIVATE);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Set pshared");
#endif

9
src/ch05/once.c
View File

@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ pthread_mutex_t mutex;
* with the same control structure are made during the course of
* the program.
*/
void once_init_routine (void)
void
once_init_routine(void)
{
int status;
@@ -28,7 +29,8 @@ void once_init_routine (void)
/*
* Thread start routine that calls pthread_once.
*/
void *thread_routine (void *arg)
void*
thread_routine(void* arg)
{
int status;
@@ -45,7 +47,8 @@ void *thread_routine (void *arg)
return NULL;
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
pthread_t thread_id;
char *input, buffer[64];

60
src/ch05/sched_attr.c
View File

@@ -9,16 +9,17 @@
* _POSIX_THREAD_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING, it does not support the
* SCHED_RR policy for threads.
*/
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <sched.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include "errors.h"
/*
* Thread start routine. If priority scheduling is supported,
* report the thread's scheduling attributes.
*/
void *thread_routine (void *arg)
void*
thread_routine(void* arg)
{
int my_policy;
struct sched_param my_param;
@@ -30,15 +31,15 @@ void *thread_routine (void *arg)
* so just report that the thread ran, and exit.
*/
#if defined(_POSIX_THREAD_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING) && !defined(sun)
status = pthread_getschedparam (
pthread_self (), &my_policy, &my_param);
status = pthread_getschedparam(pthread_self(), &my_policy, &my_param);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Get sched");
printf("thread_routine running at %s/%d\n",
(my_policy == SCHED_FIFO ? "FIFO"
: (my_policy == SCHED_RR ? "RR"
: (my_policy == SCHED_OTHER ? "OTHER"
: "unknown"))),
(my_policy == SCHED_FIFO
? "FIFO"
: (my_policy == SCHED_RR
? "RR"
: (my_policy == SCHED_OTHER ? "OTHER" : "unknown"))),
my_param.sched_priority);
#else
printf("thread_routine running\n");
@@ -46,7 +47,8 @@ void *thread_routine (void *arg)
return NULL;
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
pthread_t thread_id;
pthread_attr_t thread_attr;
@@ -67,24 +69,21 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
* thread.
*/
#if defined(_POSIX_THREAD_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING) && !defined(sun)
status = pthread_attr_getschedpolicy (
&thread_attr, &thread_policy);
status = pthread_attr_getschedpolicy(&thread_attr, &thread_policy);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Get policy");
status = pthread_attr_getschedparam (
&thread_attr, &thread_param);
status = pthread_attr_getschedparam(&thread_attr, &thread_param);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Get sched param");
printf (
"Default policy is %s, priority is %d\n",
(thread_policy == SCHED_FIFO ? "FIFO"
: (thread_policy == SCHED_RR ? "RR"
: (thread_policy == SCHED_OTHER ? "OTHER"
: "unknown"))),
printf("Default policy is %s, priority is %d\n",
(thread_policy == SCHED_FIFO
? "FIFO"
: (thread_policy == SCHED_RR
? "RR"
: (thread_policy == SCHED_OTHER ? "OTHER" : "unknown"))),
thread_param.sched_priority);
status = pthread_attr_setschedpolicy (
&thread_attr, SCHED_RR);
status = pthread_attr_setschedpolicy(&thread_attr, SCHED_RR);
if (status != 0)
printf("Unable to set SCHED_RR policy.\n");
else {
@@ -105,30 +104,23 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
rr_max_priority = sched_get_priority_max(SCHED_RR);
if (rr_max_priority == -1)
errno_abort("Get SCHED_RR max priority");
thread_param.sched_priority =
(rr_min_priority + rr_max_priority)/2;
printf (
"SCHED_RR priority range is %d to %d: using %d\n",
thread_param.sched_priority = (rr_min_priority + rr_max_priority) / 2;
printf("SCHED_RR priority range is %d to %d: using %d\n",
rr_min_priority,
rr_max_priority,
thread_param.sched_priority);
status = pthread_attr_setschedparam (
&thread_attr, &thread_param);
status = pthread_attr_setschedparam(&thread_attr, &thread_param);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Set params");
printf (
"Creating thread at RR/%d\n",
thread_param.sched_priority);
status = pthread_attr_setinheritsched (
&thread_attr, PTHREAD_EXPLICIT_SCHED);
printf("Creating thread at RR/%d\n", thread_param.sched_priority);
status = pthread_attr_setinheritsched(&thread_attr, PTHREAD_EXPLICIT_SCHED);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Set inherit");
}
#else
printf("Priority scheduling not supported\n");
#endif
status = pthread_create (
&thread_id, &thread_attr, thread_routine, NULL);
status = pthread_create(&thread_id, &thread_attr, thread_routine, NULL);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create thread");
status = pthread_join(thread_id, NULL);

32
src/ch05/sched_thread.c
View File

@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
* Special note: This demonstration will fail on Solaris 2.5
* because it does not implement SCHED_RR.
*/
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <sched.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include "errors.h"
#define THREADS 5
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@ int rr_min_priority;
/*
* Thread start routine that will set its own priority
*/
void *thread_routine (void *arg)
void*
thread_routine(void* arg)
{
thread_t* self = (thread_t*) arg;
int my_policy;
@@ -35,28 +36,28 @@ void *thread_routine (void *arg)
int status;
my_param.sched_priority = rr_min_priority + self->index;
DPRINTF ((
"Thread %d will set SCHED_FIFO, priority %d\n",
self->index, my_param.sched_priority));
status = pthread_setschedparam (
self->id, SCHED_RR, &my_param);
DPRINTF(("Thread %d will set SCHED_FIFO, priority %d\n",
self->index,
my_param.sched_priority));
status = pthread_setschedparam(self->id, SCHED_RR, &my_param);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Set sched");
status = pthread_getschedparam (
self->id, &my_policy, &my_param);
status = pthread_getschedparam(self->id, &my_policy, &my_param);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Get sched");
printf("thread_routine %d running at %s/%d\n",
self->index,
(my_policy == SCHED_FIFO ? "FIFO"
: (my_policy == SCHED_RR ? "RR"
: (my_policy == SCHED_OTHER ? "OTHER"
: "unknown"))),
(my_policy == SCHED_FIFO
? "FIFO"
: (my_policy == SCHED_RR
? "RR"
: (my_policy == SCHED_OTHER ? "OTHER" : "unknown"))),
my_param.sched_priority);
return NULL;
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
int count, status;
@@ -73,8 +74,7 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
for (count = 0; count < THREADS; count++) {
threads[count].index = count;
status = pthread_create(
&threads[count].id, NULL,
thread_routine, (void*)&threads[count]);
&threads[count].id, NULL, thread_routine, (void*) &threads[count]);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create thread");
}

18
src/ch05/thread_attr.c
View File

@@ -14,13 +14,15 @@
/*
* Thread start routine that reports it ran, and then exits.
*/
void *thread_routine (void *arg)
void*
thread_routine(void* arg)
{
printf("The thread is here\n");
return NULL;
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
pthread_t thread_id;
pthread_attr_t thread_attr;
@@ -35,8 +37,7 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
/*
* Create a detached thread.
*/
status = pthread_attr_setdetachstate (
&thread_attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
status = pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&thread_attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Set detach");
#ifdef _POSIX_THREAD_ATTR_STACKSIZE
@@ -53,14 +54,13 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Get stack size");
printf("Default stack size is %u; minimum is %u\n",
stack_size, PTHREAD_STACK_MIN);
status = pthread_attr_setstacksize (
&thread_attr, PTHREAD_STACK_MIN*2);
stack_size,
PTHREAD_STACK_MIN);
status = pthread_attr_setstacksize(&thread_attr, PTHREAD_STACK_MIN * 2);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Set stack size");
#endif
status = pthread_create (
&thread_id, &thread_attr, thread_routine, NULL);
status = pthread_create(&thread_id, &thread_attr, thread_routine, NULL);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create thread");
printf("Main exiting\n");

18
src/ch05/tsd_destructor.c
View File

@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ long identity_key_counter = 0;
* threads still have values, and deletes the key when there are
* no more references.
*/
void identity_key_destructor (void *value)
void
identity_key_destructor(void* value)
{
private_t* private = (private_t*) value;
int status;
@@ -50,7 +51,8 @@ void identity_key_destructor (void *value)
* Helper routine to allocate a new value for thread-specific
* data key if the thread doesn't already have one.
*/
void *identity_key_get (void)
void*
identity_key_get(void)
{
void* value;
int status;
@@ -70,7 +72,8 @@ void *identity_key_get (void)
/*
* Thread start routine to use thread-specific data.
*/
void *thread_routine (void *arg)
void*
thread_routine(void* arg)
{
private_t* value;
@@ -82,7 +85,8 @@ void *thread_routine (void *arg)
return NULL;
}
void main (int argc, char *argv[])
void
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
pthread_t thread_1, thread_2;
private_t* value;
@@ -106,12 +110,10 @@ void main (int argc, char *argv[])
value = (private_t*) identity_key_get();
value->thread_id = pthread_self();
value->string = "Main thread";
status = pthread_create (&thread_1, NULL,
thread_routine, "Thread 1");
status = pthread_create(&thread_1, NULL, thread_routine, "Thread 1");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create thread 1");
status = pthread_create (&thread_2, NULL,
thread_routine, "Thread 2");
status = pthread_create(&thread_2, NULL, thread_routine, "Thread 2");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create thread 2");
pthread_exit(NULL);

15
src/ch05/tsd_once.c
View File

@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@ pthread_once_t key_once = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT;
* One-time initialization routine used with the pthread_once
* control block.
*/
void once_routine (void)
void
once_routine(void)
{
int status;
@@ -39,7 +40,8 @@ void once_routine (void)
* Thread start routine that uses pthread_once to dynamically
* create a thread-specific data key.
*/
void *thread_routine (void *arg)
void*
thread_routine(void* arg)
{
tsd_t* value;
int status;
@@ -64,17 +66,16 @@ void *thread_routine (void *arg)
return NULL;
}
void main (int argc, char *argv[])
void
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
pthread_t thread1, thread2;
int status;
status = pthread_create (
&thread1, NULL, thread_routine, "thread 1");
status = pthread_create(&thread1, NULL, thread_routine, "thread 1");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create thread 1");
status = pthread_create (
&thread2, NULL, thread_routine, "thread 2");
status = pthread_create(&thread2, NULL, thread_routine, "thread 2");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create thread 2");
pthread_exit(NULL);

17
src/ch06/atfork.c
View File

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
* Demonstrate the use of "fork handlers" to protect data
* invariants across a fork.
*/
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include "errors.h"
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
* This routine will be called prior to executing the fork,
* within the parent process.
*/
void fork_prepare (void)
void
fork_prepare(void)
{
int status;
@@ -34,7 +35,8 @@ void fork_prepare (void)
* This routine will be called after executing the fork, within
* the parent process
*/
void fork_parent (void)
void
fork_parent(void)
{
int status;
@@ -50,7 +52,8 @@ void fork_parent (void)
* This routine will be called after executing the fork, within
* the child process
*/
void fork_child (void)
void
fork_child(void)
{
int status;
@@ -67,7 +70,8 @@ void fork_child (void)
/*
* Thread start routine, which will fork a new child process.
*/
void *thread_routine (void *arg)
void*
thread_routine(void* arg)
{
pid_t child_pid;
int status;
@@ -95,7 +99,8 @@ void *thread_routine (void *arg)
return NULL;
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
pthread_t fork_thread;
int atfork_flag = 1;

15
src/ch06/flock.c
View File

@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@
* is prevented by the file locks until both prompt and fgets are
* complete.
*/
void *prompt_routine (void *arg)
void*
prompt_routine(void* arg)
{
char* prompt = (char*) arg;
char* string;
@@ -38,7 +39,8 @@ void *prompt_routine (void *arg)
return (void*) string;
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
pthread_t thread1, thread2, thread3;
char* string;
@@ -53,16 +55,13 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
DPRINTF(("Setting concurrency level to 4\n"));
thr_setconcurrency(4);
#endif
status = pthread_create (
&thread1, NULL, prompt_routine, "Thread 1> ");
status = pthread_create(&thread1, NULL, prompt_routine, "Thread 1> ");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create thread");
status = pthread_create (
&thread2, NULL, prompt_routine, "Thread 2> ");
status = pthread_create(&thread2, NULL, prompt_routine, "Thread 2> ");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create thread");
status = pthread_create (
&thread3, NULL, prompt_routine, "Thread 3> ");
status = pthread_create(&thread3, NULL, prompt_routine, "Thread 3> ");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create thread");
status = pthread_join(thread1, (void**) &string);

6
src/ch06/getlogin.c
View File

@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@
#define LOGIN_NAME_MAX 32
#endif
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
char login_str[LOGIN_NAME_MAX];
char stdin_str[TTY_NAME_MAX];
@@ -36,7 +37,6 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
status = ttyname_r(0, stdin_str, sizeof(stdin_str));
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Get stdin");
printf ("User: %s, cterm: %s, fd 0: %s\n",
login_str, cterm_str, stdin_str);
printf("User: %s, cterm: %s, fd 0: %s\n", login_str, cterm_str, stdin_str);
return 0;
}

18
src/ch06/putchar.c
View File

@@ -37,7 +37,8 @@
* by locking the file stream and using putchar_unlocked to
* write each character individually.
*/
void *lock_routine (void *arg)
void*
lock_routine(void* arg)
{
char* pointer;
@@ -56,7 +57,8 @@ void *lock_routine (void *arg)
* Although the internal locking of putchar prevents file stream
* corruption, the writes of various threads may be interleaved.
*/
void *unlock_routine (void *arg)
void*
unlock_routine(void* arg)
{
char* pointer;
@@ -67,7 +69,8 @@ void *unlock_routine (void *arg)
return NULL;
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
pthread_t thread1, thread2, thread3;
int flock_flag = 1;
@@ -80,16 +83,13 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
thread_func = lock_routine;
else
thread_func = unlock_routine;
status = pthread_create (
&thread1, NULL, thread_func, "this is thread 1\n");
status = pthread_create(&thread1, NULL, thread_func, "this is thread 1\n");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create thread");
status = pthread_create (
&thread2, NULL, thread_func, "this is thread 2\n");
status = pthread_create(&thread2, NULL, thread_func, "this is thread 2\n");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create thread");
status = pthread_create (
&thread3, NULL, thread_func, "this is thread 3\n");
status = pthread_create(&thread3, NULL, thread_func, "this is thread 3\n");
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create thread");
pthread_exit(NULL);

16
src/ch06/semaphore_signal.c
View File

@@ -8,12 +8,12 @@
* and _POSIX_SEMAPHORES features of POSIX 1003.1b-1993. It will
* not run (and may not compile) without them.
*/
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include "errors.h"
sem_t semaphore;
@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ sem_t semaphore;
/*
* Signal catching function.
*/
void signal_catcher (int sig)
void
signal_catcher(int sig)
{
if (sem_post(&semaphore) == -1)
errno_abort("Post semaphore");
@@ -30,7 +31,8 @@ void signal_catcher (int sig)
/*
* Thread start routine which waits on the semaphore.
*/
void *sem_waiter (void *arg)
void*
sem_waiter(void* arg)
{
int number = (int) arg;
int counter;
@@ -48,7 +50,8 @@ void *sem_waiter (void *arg)
return NULL;
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
int thread_count, status;
struct sigevent sig_event;
@@ -74,8 +77,7 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
*/
for (thread_count = 0; thread_count < 5; thread_count++) {
status = pthread_create(
&sem_waiters[thread_count], NULL,
sem_waiter, (void*)thread_count);
&sem_waiters[thread_count], NULL, sem_waiter, (void*) thread_count);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create thread");
}

13
src/ch06/semaphore_wait.c
View File

@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
*
* Demonstrate use of semaphores for synchronization.
*/
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include "errors.h"
sem_t semaphore;
@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@ sem_t semaphore;
/*
* Thread start routine to wait on a semaphore.
*/
void *sem_waiter (void *arg)
void*
sem_waiter(void* arg)
{
long num = (long) arg;
@@ -26,7 +27,8 @@ void *sem_waiter (void *arg)
return NULL;
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
int thread_count;
pthread_t sem_waiters[5];
@@ -45,8 +47,7 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
*/
for (thread_count = 0; thread_count < 5; thread_count++) {
status = pthread_create(
&sem_waiters[thread_count], NULL,
sem_waiter, (void*)thread_count);
&sem_waiters[thread_count], NULL, sem_waiter, (void*) thread_count);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create thread");
}

6
src/ch06/sigev_thread.c
View File

@@ -55,8 +55,7 @@ main()
struct sigevent se;
#ifdef sun
fprintf (
stderr,
fprintf(stderr,
"This program cannot compile on Solaris 2.5.\n"
"To build and run on Solaris 2.6, remove the\n"
"\"#ifdef sun\" block in main().\n");
@@ -83,8 +82,7 @@ main()
if (status == -1)
errno_abort("Create timer");
DPRINTF ((
"Setting timer %d for 5-second expiration...\n", timer_id));
DPRINTF(("Setting timer %d for 5-second expiration...\n", timer_id));
status = timer_settime(timer_id, 0, &ts, 0);
if (status == -1)
errno_abort("Set timer");

13
src/ch06/sigwait.c
View File

@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@
* Demonstrate use of sigwait() to synchronously handle
* asynchrnous signals within a threaded program.
*/
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include "errors.h"
pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ sigset_t signal_set;
* the "interrupted" flag (the main thread's wait predicate) and
* signal a condition variable. The main thread will exit.
*/
void *signal_waiter (void *arg)
void*
signal_waiter(void* arg)
{
int sig_number;
int signal_count = 0;
@@ -48,7 +49,8 @@ void *signal_waiter (void *arg)
return NULL;
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
pthread_t signal_thread_id;
int status;
@@ -73,8 +75,7 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
/*
* Create the sigwait thread.
*/
status = pthread_create (&signal_thread_id, NULL,
signal_waiter, NULL);
status = pthread_create(&signal_thread_id, NULL, signal_waiter, NULL);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create sigwaiter");

22
src/ch06/susp.c
View File

@@ -161,12 +161,10 @@ thd_suspend (pthread_t target_thread)
* the end, realloc the array for more space.
*/
i = 0;
while (array[i] != 0)
i++;
while (array[i] != 0) i++;
if (i == bottom) {
array = (pthread_t*) realloc (
array, (++bottom * sizeof (pthread_t)));
array = (pthread_t*) realloc(array, (++bottom * sizeof(pthread_t)));
if (array == NULL) {
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mut);
return errno;
@@ -188,8 +186,7 @@ thd_suspend (pthread_t target_thread)
/*
* Wait for the sentinel to change.
*/
while (sentinel == 0)
sched_yield ();
while (sentinel == 0) sched_yield();
array[i] = target_thread;
@@ -229,8 +226,7 @@ thd_continue (pthread_t target_thread)
* hasn't been suspended (or it has already been resumed) and
* we can just carry on.
*/
while (array[i] != target_thread && i < bottom)
i++;
while (array[i] != target_thread && i < bottom) i++;
if (i >= bottom) {
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mut);
@@ -266,9 +262,7 @@ thread_routine (void *arg)
* a progress report.
*/
if (i % 2000 == 0) {
sprintf (
buffer, "Thread %02d: %d\n",
number, i);
sprintf(buffer, "Thread %02d: %d\n", number, i);
write(1, buffer, strlen(buffer));
}
@@ -290,14 +284,12 @@ main (int argc, char *argv[])
status = pthread_attr_init(&detach);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Init attributes object");
status = pthread_attr_setdetachstate (
&detach, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
status = pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&detach, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Set create-detached");
for (i = 0; i < THREAD_COUNT; i++) {
status = pthread_create (
&threads[i], &detach, thread_routine, (void *)i);
status = pthread_create(&threads[i], &detach, thread_routine, (void*) i);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create thread");
}

20
src/ch07/barrier.c
View File

@@ -20,14 +20,15 @@
* to do something in a serial region before entering another
* parallel section of code.
*/
#include "barrier.h"
#include <pthread.h>
#include "errors.h"
#include "barrier.h"
/*
* Initialize a barrier for use.
*/
int barrier_init (barrier_t *barrier, int count)
int
barrier_init(barrier_t* barrier, int count)
{
int status;
@@ -48,7 +49,8 @@ int barrier_init (barrier_t *barrier, int count)
/*
* Destroy a barrier when done using it.
*/
int barrier_destroy (barrier_t *barrier)
int
barrier_destroy(barrier_t* barrier)
{
int status, status2;
@@ -87,7 +89,8 @@ int barrier_destroy (barrier_t *barrier)
* the count (of remaining members) reaches 0, broadcast to wake
* all threads waiting.
*/
int barrier_wait (barrier_t *barrier)
int
barrier_wait(barrier_t* barrier)
{
int status, cancel, tmp, cycle;
@@ -111,7 +114,8 @@ int barrier_wait (barrier_t *barrier)
*/
if (status == 0)
status = -1;
} else {
}
else {
/*
* Wait with cancellation disabled, because barrier_wait
* should not be a cancellation point.
@@ -124,9 +128,9 @@ int barrier_wait (barrier_t *barrier)
* anymore.
*/
while (cycle == barrier->cycle) {
status = pthread_cond_wait (
&barrier->cv, &barrier->mutex);
if (status != 0) break;
status = pthread_cond_wait(&barrier->cv, &barrier->mutex);
if (status != 0)
break;
}
pthread_setcancelstate(cancel, &tmp);

6
src/ch07/barrier.h
View File

@@ -31,8 +31,10 @@ typedef struct barrier_tag {
* Support static initialization of barriers
*/
#define BARRIER_INITIALIZER(cnt) \
{PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER, \
BARRIER_VALID, cnt, cnt, 0}
{ \
PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER, BARRIER_VALID, cnt, \
cnt, 0 \
}
/*
* Define barrier functions

10
src/ch07/barrier_main.c
View File

@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ thread_t thread[THREADS];
/*
* Start routine for threads.
*/
void *thread_routine (void *arg)
void*
thread_routine(void* arg)
{
thread_t* self = (thread_t*) arg; /* Thread's thread_t */
int in_loop, out_loop, count, status;
@@ -69,7 +70,8 @@ void *thread_routine (void *arg)
return NULL;
}
int main (int arg, char *argv[])
int
main(int arg, char* argv[])
{
int thread_count, array_count;
int status;
@@ -87,7 +89,9 @@ int main (int arg, char *argv[])
thread[thread_count].array[array_count] = array_count + 1;
status = pthread_create(&thread[thread_count].thread_id,
NULL, thread_routine, (void*)&thread[thread_count]);
NULL,
thread_routine,
(void*) &thread[thread_count]);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create thread");
}

35
src/ch07/rwlock.c
View File

@@ -21,14 +21,15 @@
* lock. rwl_writetrylock() attempts to lock a read-write lock
* for write access, and returns EBUSY instead of blocking.
*/
#include "rwlock.h"
#include <pthread.h>
#include "errors.h"
#include "rwlock.h"
/*
* Initialize a read-write lock
*/
int rwl_init (rwlock_t *rwl)
int
rwl_init(rwlock_t* rwl)
{
int status;
@@ -58,7 +59,8 @@ int rwl_init (rwlock_t *rwl)
/*
* Destroy a read-write lock
*/
int rwl_destroy (rwlock_t *rwl)
int
rwl_destroy(rwlock_t* rwl)
{
int status, status1, status2;
@@ -103,7 +105,8 @@ int rwl_destroy (rwlock_t *rwl)
* Simply record that the thread is no longer waiting,
* and unlock the mutex.
*/
static void rwl_readcleanup (void *arg)
static void
rwl_readcleanup(void* arg)
{
rwlock_t* rwl = (rwlock_t*) arg;
@@ -114,7 +117,8 @@ static void rwl_readcleanup (void *arg)
/*
* Lock a read-write lock for read access.
*/
int rwl_readlock (rwlock_t *rwl)
int
rwl_readlock(rwlock_t* rwl)
{
int status;
@@ -144,7 +148,8 @@ int rwl_readlock (rwlock_t *rwl)
* Attempt to lock a read-write lock for read access (don't
* block if unavailable).
*/
int rwl_readtrylock (rwlock_t *rwl)
int
rwl_readtrylock(rwlock_t* rwl)
{
int status, status2;
@@ -164,7 +169,8 @@ int rwl_readtrylock (rwlock_t *rwl)
/*
* Unlock a read-write lock from read access.
*/
int rwl_readunlock (rwlock_t *rwl)
int
rwl_readunlock(rwlock_t* rwl)
{
int status, status2;
@@ -187,7 +193,8 @@ int rwl_readunlock (rwlock_t *rwl)
* Simply record that the thread is no longer waiting,
* and unlock the mutex.
*/
static void rwl_writecleanup (void *arg)
static void
rwl_writecleanup(void* arg)
{
rwlock_t* rwl = (rwlock_t*) arg;
@@ -198,7 +205,8 @@ static void rwl_writecleanup (void *arg)
/*
* Lock a read-write lock for write access.
*/
int rwl_writelock (rwlock_t *rwl)
int
rwl_writelock(rwlock_t* rwl)
{
int status;
@@ -228,7 +236,8 @@ int rwl_writelock (rwlock_t *rwl)
* Attempt to lock a read-write lock for write access. Don't
* block if unavailable.
*/
int rwl_writetrylock (rwlock_t *rwl)
int
rwl_writetrylock(rwlock_t* rwl)
{
int status, status2;
@@ -248,7 +257,8 @@ int rwl_writetrylock (rwlock_t *rwl)
/*
* Unlock a read-write lock from write access.
*/
int rwl_writeunlock (rwlock_t *rwl)
int
rwl_writeunlock(rwlock_t* rwl)
{
int status;
@@ -264,7 +274,8 @@ int rwl_writeunlock (rwlock_t *rwl)
pthread_mutex_unlock(&rwl->mutex);
return status;
}
} else if (rwl->w_wait > 0) {
}
else if (rwl->w_wait > 0) {
status = pthread_cond_signal(&rwl->write);
if (status != 0) {
pthread_mutex_unlock(&rwl->mutex);

6
src/ch07/rwlock.h
View File

@@ -33,8 +33,10 @@ typedef struct rwlock_tag {
* Support static initialization of barriers
*/
#define RWL_INITIALIZER \
{PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER, \
PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER, RWLOCK_VALID, 0, 0, 0, 0}
{ \
PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER, \
PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER, RWLOCK_VALID, 0, 0, 0, 0 \
}
/*
* Define read-write lock functions

34
src/ch07/rwlock_main.c
View File

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
* to allow interleaved thread execution, since threads are not
* timesliced.
*/
#include "rwlock.h"
#include "errors.h"
#include "rwlock.h"
#define THREADS 5
#define DATASIZE 15
@@ -41,7 +41,8 @@ data_t data[DATASIZE];
/*
* Thread start routine that uses read-write locks
*/
void *thread_routine (void *arg)
void*
thread_routine(void* arg)
{
thread_t* self = (thread_t*) arg;
int repeats = 0;
@@ -65,7 +66,8 @@ void *thread_routine (void *arg)
status = rwl_writeunlock(&data[element].lock);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Write unlock");
} else {
}
else {
/*
* Look at the current data element to see whether
* the current thread last updated it. Count the
@@ -87,13 +89,14 @@ void *thread_routine (void *arg)
}
if (repeats > 0)
printf (
"Thread %d found unchanged elements %d times\n",
self->thread_num, repeats);
printf("Thread %d found unchanged elements %d times\n",
self->thread_num,
repeats);
return NULL;
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
int count;
int data_count;
@@ -132,7 +135,9 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
threads[count].reads = 0;
threads[count].interval = rand_r(&seed) % 71;
status = pthread_create(&threads[count].thread_id,
NULL, thread_routine, (void*)&threads[count]);
NULL,
thread_routine,
(void*) &threads[count]);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create thread");
}
@@ -147,8 +152,10 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
err_abort(status, "Join thread");
thread_updates += threads[count].updates;
printf("%02d: interval %d, updates %d, reads %d\n",
count, threads[count].interval,
threads[count].updates, threads[count].reads);
count,
threads[count].interval,
threads[count].updates,
threads[count].reads);
}
/*
@@ -157,11 +164,12 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
for (data_count = 0; data_count < DATASIZE; data_count++) {
data_updates += data[data_count].updates;
printf("data %02d: value %d, %d updates\n",
data_count, data[data_count].data, data[data_count].updates);
data_count,
data[data_count].data,
data[data_count].updates);
rwl_destroy(&data[data_count].lock);
}
printf ("%d thread updates, %d data updates\n",
thread_updates, data_updates);
printf("%d thread updates, %d data updates\n", thread_updates, data_updates);
return 0;
}

40
src/ch07/rwlock_try_main.c
View File

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
* timesliced.
*/
#include <pthread.h>
#include "rwlock.h"
#include "errors.h"
#include "rwlock.h"
#define THREADS 5
#define ITERATIONS 1000
@@ -42,7 +42,8 @@ data_t data[DATASIZE];
/*
* Thread start routine that uses read-write locks
*/
void *thread_routine (void *arg)
void*
thread_routine(void* arg)
{
thread_t* self = (thread_t*) arg;
int iteration;
@@ -61,19 +62,24 @@ void *thread_routine (void *arg)
data[element].updates++;
self->updates++;
rwl_writeunlock(&data[element].lock);
} else
}
else
err_abort(status, "Try write lock");
} else {
}
else {
status = rwl_readtrylock(&data[element].lock);
if (status == EBUSY)
self->r_collisions++;
else if (status != 0) {
err_abort(status, "Try read lock");
} else {
}
else {
if (data[element].data != data[element].updates)
printf("%d: data[%d] %d != %d\n",
self->thread_num, element,
data[element].data, data[element].updates);
self->thread_num,
element,
data[element].data,
data[element].updates);
rwl_readunlock(&data[element].lock);
}
}
@@ -85,7 +91,8 @@ void *thread_routine (void *arg)
return NULL;
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
int count, data_count;
unsigned int seed = 1;
@@ -121,7 +128,9 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
threads[count].updates = 0;
threads[count].interval = rand_r(&seed) % ITERATIONS;
status = pthread_create(&threads[count].thread_id,
NULL, thread_routine, (void*)&threads[count]);
NULL,
thread_routine,
(void*) &threads[count]);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create thread");
}
@@ -135,11 +144,14 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Join thread");
thread_updates += threads[count].updates;
printf ("%02d: interval %d, updates %d, "
printf(
"%02d: interval %d, updates %d, "
"r_collisions %d, w_collisions %d\n",
count, threads[count].interval,
count,
threads[count].interval,
threads[count].updates,
threads[count].r_collisions, threads[count].w_collisions);
threads[count].r_collisions,
threads[count].w_collisions);
}
/*
@@ -148,7 +160,9 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
for (data_count = 0; data_count < DATASIZE; data_count++) {
data_updates += data[data_count].updates;
printf("data %02d: value %d, %d updates\n",
data_count, data[data_count].data, data[data_count].updates);
data_count,
data[data_count].data,
data[data_count].updates);
rwl_destroy(&data[data_count].lock);
}

33
src/ch07/workq.c
View File

@@ -20,16 +20,17 @@
* processing threads will begin to shut down. (They will be
* restarted when work appears.)
*/
#include "workq.h"
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include "errors.h"
#include "workq.h"
/*
* Thread start routine to serve the work queue.
*/
static void *workq_server (void *arg)
static void*
workq_server(void* arg)
{
struct timespec timeout;
workq_t* wq = (workq_t*) arg;
@@ -59,13 +60,13 @@ static void *workq_server (void *arg)
* Server threads time out after spending 2 seconds
* waiting for new work, and exit.
*/
status = pthread_cond_timedwait (
&wq->cv, &wq->mutex, &timeout);
status = pthread_cond_timedwait(&wq->cv, &wq->mutex, &timeout);
if (status == ETIMEDOUT) {
DPRINTF(("Worker wait timed out\n"));
timedout = 1;
break;
} else if (status != 0) {
}
else if (status != 0) {
/*
* This shouldn't happen, so the work queue
* package should fail. Because the work queue
@@ -80,9 +81,7 @@ static void *workq_server (void *arg)
* queued. That could be fixed by creating a new
* server here.
*/
DPRINTF ((
"Worker wait failed, %d (%s)\n",
status, strerror (status)));
DPRINTF(("Worker wait failed, %d (%s)\n", status, strerror(status)));
wq->counter--;
pthread_mutex_unlock(&wq->mutex);
return NULL;
@@ -149,15 +148,15 @@ static void *workq_server (void *arg)
/*
* Initialize a work queue.
*/
int workq_init (workq_t *wq, int threads, void (*engine)(void *arg))
int
workq_init(workq_t* wq, int threads, void (*engine)(void* arg))
{
int status;
status = pthread_attr_init(&wq->attr);
if (status != 0)
return status;
status = pthread_attr_setdetachstate (
&wq->attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
status = pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&wq->attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
if (status != 0) {
pthread_attr_destroy(&wq->attr);
return status;
@@ -186,7 +185,8 @@ int workq_init (workq_t *wq, int threads, void (*engine)(void *arg))
/*
* Destroy a work queue.
*/
int workq_destroy (workq_t *wq)
int
workq_destroy(workq_t* wq)
{
int status, status1, status2;
@@ -246,7 +246,8 @@ int workq_destroy (workq_t *wq)
/*
* Add an item to a work queue.
*/
int workq_add (workq_t *wq, void *element)
int
workq_add(workq_t* wq, void* element)
{
workq_ele_t* item;
pthread_t id;
@@ -288,14 +289,14 @@ int workq_add (workq_t *wq, void *element)
pthread_mutex_unlock(&wq->mutex);
return status;
}
} else if (wq->counter < wq->parallelism) {
}
else if (wq->counter < wq->parallelism) {
/*
* If there were no idling threads, and we're allowed to
* create a new thread, do so.
*/
DPRINTF(("Creating new worker\n"));
status = pthread_create (
&id, &wq->attr, workq_server, (void*)wq);
status = pthread_create(&id, &wq->attr, workq_server, (void*) wq);
if (status != 0) {
pthread_mutex_unlock(&wq->mutex);
return status;

3
src/ch07/workq.h
View File

@@ -51,8 +51,7 @@ typedef struct workq_tag {
/*
* Define work queue functions
*/
extern int workq_init (
workq_t *wq,
extern int workq_init(workq_t* wq,
int threads, /* maximum threads */
void (*engine)(void*)); /* engine routine */
extern int workq_destroy(workq_t* wq);

36
src/ch07/workq_main.c
View File

@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@
* Demonstrate a use of work queues.
*/
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include "workq.h"
#include "errors.h"
#include "workq.h"
#define ITERATIONS 25
@@ -31,7 +31,8 @@ workq_t workq;
/*
* Thread-specific data destructor routine for engine_key
*/
void destructor (void *value_ptr)
void
destructor(void* value_ptr)
{
engine_t* engine = (engine_t*) value_ptr;
@@ -45,7 +46,8 @@ void destructor (void *value_ptr)
* This is the routine called by the work queue servers to
* perform operations in parallel.
*/
void engine_routine (void *arg)
void
engine_routine(void* arg)
{
engine_t* engine;
power_t* power = (power_t*) arg;
@@ -55,27 +57,25 @@ void engine_routine (void *arg)
engine = pthread_getspecific(engine_key);
if (engine == NULL) {
engine = (engine_t*) malloc(sizeof(engine_t));
status = pthread_setspecific (
engine_key, (void*)engine);
status = pthread_setspecific(engine_key, (void*) engine);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Set tsd");
engine->thread_id = pthread_self();
engine->calls = 1;
} else
}
else
engine->calls++;
result = 1;
printf (
"Engine: computing %d^%d\n",
power->value, power->power);
for (count = 1; count <= power->power; count++)
result *= power->value;
printf("Engine: computing %d^%d\n", power->value, power->power);
for (count = 1; count <= power->power; count++) result *= power->value;
free(arg);
}
/*
* Thread start routine that issues work queue requests.
*/
void *thread_routine (void *arg)
void*
thread_routine(void* arg)
{
power_t* element;
int count;
@@ -91,9 +91,7 @@ void *thread_routine (void *arg)
errno_abort("Allocate element");
element->value = rand_r(&seed) % 20;
element->power = rand_r(&seed) % 7;
DPRINTF ((
"Request: %d^%d\n",
element->value, element->power));
DPRINTF(("Request: %d^%d\n", element->value, element->power));
status = workq_add(&workq, (void*) element);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Add to work queue");
@@ -102,7 +100,8 @@ void *thread_routine (void *arg)
return NULL;
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
pthread_t thread_id;
engine_t* engine;
@@ -138,7 +137,6 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
printf("engine %d: %d calls\n", count, engine->calls);
engine = engine->link;
}
printf ("%d engine threads processed %d calls\n",
count, calls);
printf("%d engine threads processed %d calls\n", count, calls);
return 0;
}

13
src/ch08/inertia.c
View File

@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@
#include <pthread.h>
#include "errors.h"
void *printer_thread (void *arg)
void*
printer_thread(void* arg)
{
char* string = *(char**) arg;
@@ -19,7 +20,8 @@ void *printer_thread (void *arg)
return NULL;
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
pthread_t printer_id;
char* string_ptr;
@@ -35,8 +37,8 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
thr_setconcurrency(2);
#endif
string_ptr = "Before value";
status = pthread_create (
&printer_id, NULL, printer_thread, (void*)&string_ptr);
status =
pthread_create(&printer_id, NULL, printer_thread, (void*) &string_ptr);
if (status != 0)
err_abort(status, "Create thread");
@@ -46,7 +48,8 @@ int main (int argc, char *argv[])
* to be timesliced. (This is a tricky balance, and the loop may
* need to be adjusted on your system before you can see the bug.)
*/
for (i = 0; i < 10000000; i++);
for (i = 0; i < 10000000; i++)
;
string_ptr = "After value";
status = pthread_join(printer_id, NULL);